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	<title>Comments on: Who Likes Leisure?</title>
	<atom:link href="http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/</link>
	<description>The Sweet Release of Reason</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2012 18:11:50 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Dennis</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1861</link>
		<dc:creator>Dennis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 2004 14:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1861</guid>
		<description>A little bit late perhaps but I want to recommend two articles that you might find interesting. The first is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iies.su.se/publications/seminarpapers/727.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Why do Europeans Work so Little?&lt;/a&gt;&quot; by Conny Olovsson and the second is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.hhs.se/personal/henrekson/Artiklar%20eng%20i%20orig/2004-/Taxes%20and%20Work%20Activity,%20Industry%20Mix%20and%20Shadow%20Economy%20Size%20(Davis%20and%20Henrekson,%20May%202004).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tax Effects on Work Activity, Industry Mix and Shadow Economy Size: Evidence from Rich-Country Comparisons&lt;/a&gt;&quot; by Magnus Henrekson and Steven Davis.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A little bit late perhaps but I want to recommend two articles that you might find interesting. The first is &#8220;<a href="http://www.iies.su.se/publications/seminarpapers/727.pdf" rel="nofollow">Why do Europeans Work so Little?</a>&#8221; by Conny Olovsson and the second is &#8220;<a href="http://web.hhs.se/personal/henrekson/Artiklar%20eng%20i%20orig/2004-/Taxes%20and%20Work%20Activity,%20Industry%20Mix%20and%20Shadow%20Economy%20Size%20(Davis%20and%20Henrekson,%20May%202004).pdf" rel="nofollow">Tax Effects on Work Activity, Industry Mix and Shadow Economy Size: Evidence from Rich-Country Comparisons</a>&#8221; by Magnus Henrekson and Steven Davis.</p>
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		<title>By: x</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1860</link>
		<dc:creator>x</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 2004 01:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1860</guid>
		<description>How do you determine &quot;objectively&quot; how people would trade off labour for leisure?  In the US now, the problem probably is that you have to keep working to keep up with the neighbours, not because you really like the benefits of working.

Consider how it all started: the original industrialists had trouble getting folks to work once the folks had acquired as much as they were used to.  After that, they valued leisure.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How do you determine &#8220;objectively&#8221; how people would trade off labour for leisure?  In the US now, the problem probably is that you have to keep working to keep up with the neighbours, not because you really like the benefits of working.</p>
<p>Consider how it all started: the original industrialists had trouble getting folks to work once the folks had acquired as much as they were used to.  After that, they valued leisure.</p>
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		<title>By: Sandwichman</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1859</link>
		<dc:creator>Sandwichman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 20:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1859</guid>
		<description>According to an anonymous 1821 pampleteer:

After all their idle sophistry, there is, thank God! no means of adding to the wealth of a nation but by adding to the facilities of living: so that wealth is liberty -- liberty to seek recreation -- liberty to enjoy life -- liberty to improve the mind: it is disposable time, and nothing more.

The pamphlet was titled &quot;The Source and Remedy of the National Difficulties as Deduced from Principles of Political Economy in a Letter to Lord John Russsell.&quot; Although the pamphlet was published anonymously, the author is believed to be Charles Wentworth Dilke, a literary critic, edior, friend of John Keats and disciple of William Godwin and his Political Justice.

A link to a pdf file of the pamphlet is in my URL.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>According to an anonymous 1821 pampleteer:</p>
<p>After all their idle sophistry, there is, thank God! no means of adding to the wealth of a nation but by adding to the facilities of living: so that wealth is liberty &#8212; liberty to seek recreation &#8212; liberty to enjoy life &#8212; liberty to improve the mind: it is disposable time, and nothing more.</p>
<p>The pamphlet was titled &#8220;The Source and Remedy of the National Difficulties as Deduced from Principles of Political Economy in a Letter to Lord John Russsell.&#8221; Although the pamphlet was published anonymously, the author is believed to be Charles Wentworth Dilke, a literary critic, edior, friend of John Keats and disciple of William Godwin and his Political Justice.</p>
<p>A link to a pdf file of the pamphlet is in my URL.</p>
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		<title>By: Evan McElravy</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1858</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan McElravy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 19:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1858</guid>
		<description>Probably lots of factors play in. How about this one: Americans tend to have more kids than Europeans. Kids are expensive, and I&#039;ll bet they&#039;re more expensive in America than in Europe. Good reason to go to work.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Probably lots of factors play in. How about this one: Americans tend to have more kids than Europeans. Kids are expensive, and I&#8217;ll bet they&#8217;re more expensive in America than in Europe. Good reason to go to work.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1857</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 16:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1857</guid>
		<description>People consume much more work than leasure if offered both not because they really want the money, but the &quot;winner take all&quot; nature of corporate success. They want the good assignments and to beat others. This is a zero-sum game and so encouraging it is worthless. Income is only correlated with happiness as a cross-section of the population at a point in time, not for generational increases in income.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>People consume much more work than leasure if offered both not because they really want the money, but the &#8220;winner take all&#8221; nature of corporate success. They want the good assignments and to beat others. This is a zero-sum game and so encouraging it is worthless. Income is only correlated with happiness as a cross-section of the population at a point in time, not for generational increases in income.</p>
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		<title>By: Glen</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1856</link>
		<dc:creator>Glen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 15:52:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1856</guid>
		<description>Matt -- the libertarian think-tanks are way ahead of you.  As Scotty observes, the linkage between health insurance and employment is an artifact of the tax code, which itself resulted from WW2-era wage and price controls.  The simple solution would be to change the tax code to eliminate the tax break for employer-provided health insurance.  But that&#039;s probably out of the question politically, so the next best solution is to expand the tax break so that it applies to *any* health expenditure (not just health insurance) and can be experienced by anyone (not just people employed by companies large enough to offer it).  Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are a libertarian proposal for doing just that, and they are now legal -- one of the very few saving graces of the Bush administration.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Matt &#8212; the libertarian think-tanks are way ahead of you.  As Scotty observes, the linkage between health insurance and employment is an artifact of the tax code, which itself resulted from WW2-era wage and price controls.  The simple solution would be to change the tax code to eliminate the tax break for employer-provided health insurance.  But that&#8217;s probably out of the question politically, so the next best solution is to expand the tax break so that it applies to *any* health expenditure (not just health insurance) and can be experienced by anyone (not just people employed by companies large enough to offer it).  Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are a libertarian proposal for doing just that, and they are now legal &#8212; one of the very few saving graces of the Bush administration.</p>
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		<title>By: Scotty B</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1855</link>
		<dc:creator>Scotty B</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 15:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1855</guid>
		<description>From what I recall, isn&#039;t employer-linked health care a hold over from WW2 wage controls? Employers couldn&#039;t offer raises to employees, so they offered health insurance.

I am about as classically liberal as Friedman, but we HAVE to do something about health care costs. I&#039;m not saying socialize, but some plan to remove artificial barriers for both health care providers and consumers.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From what I recall, isn&#8217;t employer-linked health care a hold over from WW2 wage controls? Employers couldn&#8217;t offer raises to employees, so they offered health insurance.</p>
<p>I am about as classically liberal as Friedman, but we HAVE to do something about health care costs. I&#8217;m not saying socialize, but some plan to remove artificial barriers for both health care providers and consumers.</p>
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		<title>By: Matt</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1854</link>
		<dc:creator>Matt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 11:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1854</guid>
		<description>Chuck&#039;s comment about health care has nailed it. As long as health coverage is linked to full-time employment, workers can&#039;t pursue the range of options that they might otherwise, such as freelance or part-time work.

If we can find a way to disengage health insurance from part-time work, the social and economic ramifications will be tremendous. Just imagine the breadth of choices that individuals would come up with if the labor market allowed this kind of flexibility. As a parent of two small kids whose wife is a school administrator/teacher, I know that if I could work part-time and keep health care coverage, it would be utterly fantastic from a domestic standpoint.

Chuck is right- linking health care to employment is a fundamentally illiberal flaw in the market that some intrepid libertarian think tanker ought to find us a way out of.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chuck&#8217;s comment about health care has nailed it. As long as health coverage is linked to full-time employment, workers can&#8217;t pursue the range of options that they might otherwise, such as freelance or part-time work.</p>
<p>If we can find a way to disengage health insurance from part-time work, the social and economic ramifications will be tremendous. Just imagine the breadth of choices that individuals would come up with if the labor market allowed this kind of flexibility. As a parent of two small kids whose wife is a school administrator/teacher, I know that if I could work part-time and keep health care coverage, it would be utterly fantastic from a domestic standpoint.</p>
<p>Chuck is right- linking health care to employment is a fundamentally illiberal flaw in the market that some intrepid libertarian think tanker ought to find us a way out of.</p>
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		<title>By: Chuck</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1853</link>
		<dc:creator>Chuck</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 10:59:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1853</guid>
		<description>So, my hypothesis is: europeans don&#039;t really appreciate leisure more, they&#039;re just taxed too much. If their taxes went down (and hour caps removed), people would start working more. They would complain about terrible Americanization, but they&#039;d still work more. Soon enough, the norms would change, more folks would work more, growth would increase, and they&#039;d do better at funding all those &quot;social justice&quot; programs.

But I&#039;m no economist, sociologist, or simple caveman lawyer. So what&#039;s wrong with this story, if anything?

There&#039;s nothing wrong with your story, as far as it goes, but I think that you&#039;re neglecting the other side of the equation--and that leaves you susceptible to a crude caricature of your position  such as the one that Chris Bertram posted on Crooked Timber.  (viz., that work is good for its own sake)

Yes, there are distortions in the European system that make them work less than they otherwise would.  But I believe that there are also massive distortions in the US system that make us use less leisure than we otherwise would (to our detriment!).

Let me give you the two examples that come to mind:  Healthcare and higher education.  We have a healthcare system that&#039;s tied to private insurance which we get through a third-party (our employer).  Why?  Because that&#039;s the way the tax code is set up (employers pay with pre-tax dollars).  So if you lose your job, you lose your healthcare.  The bottom line distortion is:  Don&#039;t become a free-lancer, don&#039;t start your own business, just put your nose to the grindstone and keep working for corporate.  That sucks.

Higher Education.  We have a system that subsidizes consumers.  It&#039;s okay insofar as it has given us the best higher education system in the world.  But it has also relieved universities of the pressure to control cost.  So the federal government has been giving and subsidizing greater larger amounts of student aid.  Today, student loan burdens are enormous.  So you work, work, work at your job to get the hell out from under your Everest-size pile of debt.  It&#039;s like some weird indentured servitude.

Without distortions like these, more Americans would free-lance, work for themselves, or otherwise use increased leisure time.

And leisure time is good and important!  It&#039;s important for maintaining family bonds, cultivating one&#039;s personality, and maintaining sanity.

So let&#039;s not allow the illiberal socialists to equate markets with the destruction of leisure.

It is certain illiberal peculiarities of the American system that have deprived us of our leisure.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So, my hypothesis is: europeans don&#8217;t really appreciate leisure more, they&#8217;re just taxed too much. If their taxes went down (and hour caps removed), people would start working more. They would complain about terrible Americanization, but they&#8217;d still work more. Soon enough, the norms would change, more folks would work more, growth would increase, and they&#8217;d do better at funding all those &#8220;social justice&#8221; programs.</p>
<p>But I&#8217;m no economist, sociologist, or simple caveman lawyer. So what&#8217;s wrong with this story, if anything?</p>
<p>There&#8217;s nothing wrong with your story, as far as it goes, but I think that you&#8217;re neglecting the other side of the equation&#8211;and that leaves you susceptible to a crude caricature of your position  such as the one that Chris Bertram posted on Crooked Timber.  (viz., that work is good for its own sake)</p>
<p>Yes, there are distortions in the European system that make them work less than they otherwise would.  But I believe that there are also massive distortions in the US system that make us use less leisure than we otherwise would (to our detriment!).</p>
<p>Let me give you the two examples that come to mind:  Healthcare and higher education.  We have a healthcare system that&#8217;s tied to private insurance which we get through a third-party (our employer).  Why?  Because that&#8217;s the way the tax code is set up (employers pay with pre-tax dollars).  So if you lose your job, you lose your healthcare.  The bottom line distortion is:  Don&#8217;t become a free-lancer, don&#8217;t start your own business, just put your nose to the grindstone and keep working for corporate.  That sucks.</p>
<p>Higher Education.  We have a system that subsidizes consumers.  It&#8217;s okay insofar as it has given us the best higher education system in the world.  But it has also relieved universities of the pressure to control cost.  So the federal government has been giving and subsidizing greater larger amounts of student aid.  Today, student loan burdens are enormous.  So you work, work, work at your job to get the hell out from under your Everest-size pile of debt.  It&#8217;s like some weird indentured servitude.</p>
<p>Without distortions like these, more Americans would free-lance, work for themselves, or otherwise use increased leisure time.</p>
<p>And leisure time is good and important!  It&#8217;s important for maintaining family bonds, cultivating one&#8217;s personality, and maintaining sanity.</p>
<p>So let&#8217;s not allow the illiberal socialists to equate markets with the destruction of leisure.</p>
<p>It is certain illiberal peculiarities of the American system that have deprived us of our leisure.</p>
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		<title>By: nick</title>
		<link>http://willwilkinson.net/flybottle/2004/11/08/who-likes-leisure/#comment-1852</link>
		<dc:creator>nick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2004 10:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.willwilkinson.net/flybottle/?p=520#comment-1852</guid>
		<description>My wild guess at the story is that Europeans like to work just as much as anyone else if it pays.

Bzzt. You&#039;re wrong. As a British expat in the US, I don&#039;t give a toss about the tax burden; I do give a toss about the fact that employers expect me not to take holidays. Even public holidays.

But I&#039;m no economist, sociologist, or simple caveman lawyer.

Really? You could have fooled me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My wild guess at the story is that Europeans like to work just as much as anyone else if it pays.</p>
<p>Bzzt. You&#8217;re wrong. As a British expat in the US, I don&#8217;t give a toss about the tax burden; I do give a toss about the fact that employers expect me not to take holidays. Even public holidays.</p>
<p>But I&#8217;m no economist, sociologist, or simple caveman lawyer.</p>
<p>Really? You could have fooled me.</p>
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